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معركة تل توبا الآشورية
Assyrian Battle of Til-Tuba
التي دارت احداثها في منطقة عيلام جنوب غرب ايران من ابرز الملاحم التي سطرها الجيش الاشوري في الجبهة الشرقية بحدود العام 653 ق.م بواسطة الملك الآشوري آشور بانيبال من نينوى العراق ضد بلاد عيلام ايران قرب نهر الكرخة (في الاهواز حالياً) وملكها تيومان فالتقى المعسكران الاشوري والعيلامي واحرز الاول (الجيش الآشوري) انتصارات باهرة على الثاني (الجيش العيلامي) في موقع تل توبا ومن هنا جاءت تسمية المعركة نسبةً الى مكان وقوعها.
%20The%20coalition%20was%20defeated%20and%20Sennacherib%20began%20a%2015%20month%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia,%20sacking%20palaces%20and%20burning%20temples.%20Sennacherib's%20son,%20Esharhaddon%20(680-69)%20attempted%20to%20rebuild%20Babylonia%20and%20establish%20himself%20as%20king.%20His%20successors%20Ashurbanipal%20(668-27)%20took%20the%20throne%20in%20Ninevah%20while%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20claimed%20kingship%20in%20Babylon%20and%20continued%20to%20rebuild%20it.%20While%20Babylonia%20was%20technically%20independent%20of%20Assyria,%20the%20correspondence%20between%20the%20two%20brothers%20suggests%20that%20Ashurbanipal%20saw%20Babylonia%20as%20a%20vassal%20state%20and%20exercised%20control%20over%20it.%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20began%20looking%20for%20a%20chance%20to%20rebel.%20A%20few%20years%20before,%20Teumman%20(or%20Te'uman,%20664-653%20BCE),%20a%20known%20enemy%20of%20Assyria,%20had%20usurped%20the%20Elamite%20throne,%20forcing%20the%20sons%20of%20Urtaki%20to%20flee%20to%20Nineveh,%20the%20Assyrian%20capital.%20Teumman%20demanded%20they%20be%20extradited,[4]%20but%20Ashurbanipal%20refused.%20Teumman%20began%20a%20campaign%20against%20Na'id%20Marduk,%20Assyria's%20puppet%20ruler%20in%20the%20Sealand,%20around%20675%20BCE.%20After%20pushing%20out%20the%20Assyrian%20influences,%20Teumman%20placed%20Nabo-usalim%20on%20the%20throne%20in%20Ur.[5]%20Teumman,%20Nabo-Usallim%20and%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20all%20formed%20a%20coalition%20and%20marched%20against%20Assurbanipal%20and%20met%20his%20forces%20on%20the%20banks%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%20(hence%20the%20name%20%22Battle%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%22)%20where%20they%20were%20defeated.%20Teumman%20was%20killed%20in%20battle%20and%20his%20head%20was%20carried%20to%20Ninevah%20and%20placed%20on%20display%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20court.%20Ashurbanipal%20began%20a%204%20year%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia%20and%20placed%20Kandalanu%20on%20the%20throne%20to%20replace%20his%20brother.%20Susa,%20the%20capital%20of%20Elam%20was%20sacked%20in%20647%20BCE%20and%20Elam%20never%20regained%20its%20power%20until%20the%20Persians%20conquered%20it%20a%20century%20later.%20[6]%20The%20Battle%20of%20Ulai%20is%20well%20known%20because%20of%20the%20relief%20carvings%20found%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20palace%20in%20Ninevah.%20These%20chaotic%20images%20portray%20the%20torture%20and%20death%20of%20countless%20enemy%20soldiers.%20The%20decapitated%20head%20of%20Teumman%20can%20be%20found%20in%20nearly%20every%20panel%20including%20the%20panel%20depicting%20the%20king's%20victory%20banquet.%20This%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20Assyrian%20propaganda%20%22which%20urges%20viewers%20to%20be%20both%20fearful%20and%20in%20awe%20of%20Assyrian%20might%22.[7]']دوافع الحملة وضع حداً لتدخلات بلاد عيلام في السياسية الداخلية لبلاد اشور باثارة المشاكل وعقد الاحلاف مع المدن البابلية والقبائل الارامية كقبيلة كمبولو التي دانت بالطاعة والولاء للسياسة الاشورية ، وهذه من الأسباب المباشرة التي دعت الملك الاشوري عدد من الحملات ضد بلاد عيلام.
%20The%20coalition%20was%20defeated%20and%20Sennacherib%20began%20a%2015%20month%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia,%20sacking%20palaces%20and%20burning%20temples.%20Sennacherib's%20son,%20Esharhaddon%20(680-69)%20attempted%20to%20rebuild%20Babylonia%20and%20establish%20himself%20as%20king.%20His%20successors%20Ashurbanipal%20(668-27)%20took%20the%20throne%20in%20Ninevah%20while%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20claimed%20kingship%20in%20Babylon%20and%20continued%20to%20rebuild%20it.%20While%20Babylonia%20was%20technically%20independent%20of%20Assyria,%20the%20correspondence%20between%20the%20two%20brothers%20suggests%20that%20Ashurbanipal%20saw%20Babylonia%20as%20a%20vassal%20state%20and%20exercised%20control%20over%20it.%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20began%20looking%20for%20a%20chance%20to%20rebel.%20A%20few%20years%20before,%20Teumman%20(or%20Te'uman,%20664-653%20BCE),%20a%20known%20enemy%20of%20Assyria,%20had%20usurped%20the%20Elamite%20throne,%20forcing%20the%20sons%20of%20Urtaki%20to%20flee%20to%20Nineveh,%20the%20Assyrian%20capital.%20Teumman%20demanded%20they%20be%20extradited,[4]%20but%20Ashurbanipal%20refused.%20Teumman%20began%20a%20campaign%20against%20Na'id%20Marduk,%20Assyria's%20puppet%20ruler%20in%20the%20Sealand,%20around%20675%20BCE.%20After%20pushing%20out%20the%20Assyrian%20influences,%20Teumman%20placed%20Nabo-usalim%20on%20the%20throne%20in%20Ur.[5]%20Teumman,%20Nabo-Usallim%20and%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20all%20formed%20a%20coalition%20and%20marched%20against%20Assurbanipal%20and%20met%20his%20forces%20on%20the%20banks%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%20(hence%20the%20name%20%22Battle%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%22)%20where%20they%20were%20defeated.%20Teumman%20was%20killed%20in%20battle%20and%20his%20head%20was%20carried%20to%20Ninevah%20and%20placed%20on%20display%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20court.%20Ashurbanipal%20began%20a%204%20year%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia%20and%20placed%20Kandalanu%20on%20the%20throne%20to%20replace%20his%20brother.%20Susa,%20the%20capital%20of%20Elam%20was%20sacked%20in%20647%20BCE%20and%20Elam%20never%20regained%20its%20power%20until%20the%20Persians%20conquered%20it%20a%20century%20later.%20[6]%20The%20Battle%20of%20Ulai%20is%20well%20known%20because%20of%20the%20relief%20carvings%20found%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20palace%20in%20Ninevah.%20These%20chaotic%20images%20portray%20the%20torture%20and%20death%20of%20countless%20enemy%20soldiers.%20The%20decapitated%20head%20of%20Teumman%20can%20be%20found%20in%20nearly%20every%20panel%20including%20the%20panel%20depicting%20the%20king's%20victory%20banquet.%20This%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20Assyrian%20propaganda%20%22which%20urges%20viewers%20to%20be%20both%20fearful%20and%20in%20awe%20of%20Assyrian%20might%22.[7]']في هذه المعركة هروب الجيش العيلامي امام الزحف الاشوري الذي شتتهم وقتل منهم الالاف وبقيت جثث الاعداء طافية على سطح مياه نهر الكرخة وفي هذه المعركة قتل الملك العيلامي وحمل راسه ليصل الى الملك الاشوري وهو في عاصمته نينوى لتتم الاحتفالات في القصر الملكي بانتهاء التدخل العيلامي واثارة المشاكل في بلاد اشور وهي تعد من أهم انتصارات الملك آشوربانبيال على العيلاميين حيث حارب العيلاميين قبلة الكثير من الملوك الاشورين ومنهم آشورناصربال
المصدر
آثار وادي الرافدين
Assyrian Battle of Til-Tuba
التي دارت احداثها في منطقة عيلام جنوب غرب ايران من ابرز الملاحم التي سطرها الجيش الاشوري في الجبهة الشرقية بحدود العام 653 ق.م بواسطة الملك الآشوري آشور بانيبال من نينوى العراق ضد بلاد عيلام ايران قرب نهر الكرخة (في الاهواز حالياً) وملكها تيومان فالتقى المعسكران الاشوري والعيلامي واحرز الاول (الجيش الآشوري) انتصارات باهرة على الثاني (الجيش العيلامي) في موقع تل توبا ومن هنا جاءت تسمية المعركة نسبةً الى مكان وقوعها.
%20The%20coalition%20was%20defeated%20and%20Sennacherib%20began%20a%2015%20month%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia,%20sacking%20palaces%20and%20burning%20temples.%20Sennacherib's%20son,%20Esharhaddon%20(680-69)%20attempted%20to%20rebuild%20Babylonia%20and%20establish%20himself%20as%20king.%20His%20successors%20Ashurbanipal%20(668-27)%20took%20the%20throne%20in%20Ninevah%20while%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20claimed%20kingship%20in%20Babylon%20and%20continued%20to%20rebuild%20it.%20While%20Babylonia%20was%20technically%20independent%20of%20Assyria,%20the%20correspondence%20between%20the%20two%20brothers%20suggests%20that%20Ashurbanipal%20saw%20Babylonia%20as%20a%20vassal%20state%20and%20exercised%20control%20over%20it.%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20began%20looking%20for%20a%20chance%20to%20rebel.%20A%20few%20years%20before,%20Teumman%20(or%20Te'uman,%20664-653%20BCE),%20a%20known%20enemy%20of%20Assyria,%20had%20usurped%20the%20Elamite%20throne,%20forcing%20the%20sons%20of%20Urtaki%20to%20flee%20to%20Nineveh,%20the%20Assyrian%20capital.%20Teumman%20demanded%20they%20be%20extradited,[4]%20but%20Ashurbanipal%20refused.%20Teumman%20began%20a%20campaign%20against%20Na'id%20Marduk,%20Assyria's%20puppet%20ruler%20in%20the%20Sealand,%20around%20675%20BCE.%20After%20pushing%20out%20the%20Assyrian%20influences,%20Teumman%20placed%20Nabo-usalim%20on%20the%20throne%20in%20Ur.[5]%20Teumman,%20Nabo-Usallim%20and%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20all%20formed%20a%20coalition%20and%20marched%20against%20Assurbanipal%20and%20met%20his%20forces%20on%20the%20banks%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%20(hence%20the%20name%20%22Battle%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%22)%20where%20they%20were%20defeated.%20Teumman%20was%20killed%20in%20battle%20and%20his%20head%20was%20carried%20to%20Ninevah%20and%20placed%20on%20display%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20court.%20Ashurbanipal%20began%20a%204%20year%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia%20and%20placed%20Kandalanu%20on%20the%20throne%20to%20replace%20his%20brother.%20Susa,%20the%20capital%20of%20Elam%20was%20sacked%20in%20647%20BCE%20and%20Elam%20never%20regained%20its%20power%20until%20the%20Persians%20conquered%20it%20a%20century%20later.%20[6]%20The%20Battle%20of%20Ulai%20is%20well%20known%20because%20of%20the%20relief%20carvings%20found%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20palace%20in%20Ninevah.%20These%20chaotic%20images%20portray%20the%20torture%20and%20death%20of%20countless%20enemy%20soldiers.%20The%20decapitated%20head%20of%20Teumman%20can%20be%20found%20in%20nearly%20every%20panel%20including%20the%20panel%20depicting%20the%20king's%20victory%20banquet.%20This%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20Assyrian%20propaganda%20%22which%20urges%20viewers%20to%20be%20both%20fearful%20and%20in%20awe%20of%20Assyrian%20might%22.[7]']دوافع الحملة وضع حداً لتدخلات بلاد عيلام في السياسية الداخلية لبلاد اشور باثارة المشاكل وعقد الاحلاف مع المدن البابلية والقبائل الارامية كقبيلة كمبولو التي دانت بالطاعة والولاء للسياسة الاشورية ، وهذه من الأسباب المباشرة التي دعت الملك الاشوري عدد من الحملات ضد بلاد عيلام.
%20The%20coalition%20was%20defeated%20and%20Sennacherib%20began%20a%2015%20month%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia,%20sacking%20palaces%20and%20burning%20temples.%20Sennacherib's%20son,%20Esharhaddon%20(680-69)%20attempted%20to%20rebuild%20Babylonia%20and%20establish%20himself%20as%20king.%20His%20successors%20Ashurbanipal%20(668-27)%20took%20the%20throne%20in%20Ninevah%20while%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20claimed%20kingship%20in%20Babylon%20and%20continued%20to%20rebuild%20it.%20While%20Babylonia%20was%20technically%20independent%20of%20Assyria,%20the%20correspondence%20between%20the%20two%20brothers%20suggests%20that%20Ashurbanipal%20saw%20Babylonia%20as%20a%20vassal%20state%20and%20exercised%20control%20over%20it.%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20began%20looking%20for%20a%20chance%20to%20rebel.%20A%20few%20years%20before,%20Teumman%20(or%20Te'uman,%20664-653%20BCE),%20a%20known%20enemy%20of%20Assyria,%20had%20usurped%20the%20Elamite%20throne,%20forcing%20the%20sons%20of%20Urtaki%20to%20flee%20to%20Nineveh,%20the%20Assyrian%20capital.%20Teumman%20demanded%20they%20be%20extradited,[4]%20but%20Ashurbanipal%20refused.%20Teumman%20began%20a%20campaign%20against%20Na'id%20Marduk,%20Assyria's%20puppet%20ruler%20in%20the%20Sealand,%20around%20675%20BCE.%20After%20pushing%20out%20the%20Assyrian%20influences,%20Teumman%20placed%20Nabo-usalim%20on%20the%20throne%20in%20Ur.[5]%20Teumman,%20Nabo-Usallim%20and%20Shamash-Shuma-Ukin%20all%20formed%20a%20coalition%20and%20marched%20against%20Assurbanipal%20and%20met%20his%20forces%20on%20the%20banks%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%20(hence%20the%20name%20%22Battle%20of%20the%20Ulai%20River%22)%20where%20they%20were%20defeated.%20Teumman%20was%20killed%20in%20battle%20and%20his%20head%20was%20carried%20to%20Ninevah%20and%20placed%20on%20display%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20court.%20Ashurbanipal%20began%20a%204%20year%20campaign%20against%20Babylonia%20and%20placed%20Kandalanu%20on%20the%20throne%20to%20replace%20his%20brother.%20Susa,%20the%20capital%20of%20Elam%20was%20sacked%20in%20647%20BCE%20and%20Elam%20never%20regained%20its%20power%20until%20the%20Persians%20conquered%20it%20a%20century%20later.%20[6]%20The%20Battle%20of%20Ulai%20is%20well%20known%20because%20of%20the%20relief%20carvings%20found%20in%20Ashurbanipal's%20palace%20in%20Ninevah.%20These%20chaotic%20images%20portray%20the%20torture%20and%20death%20of%20countless%20enemy%20soldiers.%20The%20decapitated%20head%20of%20Teumman%20can%20be%20found%20in%20nearly%20every%20panel%20including%20the%20panel%20depicting%20the%20king's%20victory%20banquet.%20This%20is%20consistent%20with%20the%20Assyrian%20propaganda%20%22which%20urges%20viewers%20to%20be%20both%20fearful%20and%20in%20awe%20of%20Assyrian%20might%22.[7]']في هذه المعركة هروب الجيش العيلامي امام الزحف الاشوري الذي شتتهم وقتل منهم الالاف وبقيت جثث الاعداء طافية على سطح مياه نهر الكرخة وفي هذه المعركة قتل الملك العيلامي وحمل راسه ليصل الى الملك الاشوري وهو في عاصمته نينوى لتتم الاحتفالات في القصر الملكي بانتهاء التدخل العيلامي واثارة المشاكل في بلاد اشور وهي تعد من أهم انتصارات الملك آشوربانبيال على العيلاميين حيث حارب العيلاميين قبلة الكثير من الملوك الاشورين ومنهم آشورناصربال
المصدر
آثار وادي الرافدين
