مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Complex

[يحي الشاعر]

مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Complex
فكرت أكثر من مرة ، في ان أدون وأنشر صور عن مخبأ أدولف هتلر في جبال منطقة أوبرسالزبورج Obersalzberg في أعالي الجبال فوق بيرختيس جادن Berchtesgadenلا يمكن تصور جمال المنطقة ....

زرتها أكثر من مرة ... ومهما كتبت ... فلن يمكنني سوي القول ... بأنه يجب علي كل من يتمكن .. من زيارة هذه المنظقة ... وخاصة المخابيء المتحف الموجود هناك ....

وكما نعرف لا يكتب الألمان ولا ينشرون صور عن هذه المنطقة ... ويتناسون الماضي ...

وأخيرا وجدت صفحة أمريكية ... تمتليء بالصور والخرائط عن منزل هتلر ... ومخبأه ... والمخابيء في المنطقة ... ومنازل المارشال هيرمان جورنج ... وصور نادرة جدا ... بل عن المخابيء التي زرتهم في المنطفة

لذلك ... سأنشر السلسلة من الصور ...ومعهم بعض المعلومات باللغة الأنجليزية .... عن الأماكن التالية التي ترونها أيضا في الصورة الكبري

1 - Goering's Adjutant's house6 - SS Kaserne11 - Platterhof2 - Gِoering's house7 - Kindergarten/Modellhaus12 - Gنstehaus3 - Gِoeringhügl hill8 - Hotel Zum Tuerken13 - Main SS guardhouse4 - Greenhouse9 - Hitler's Berghof14 - Kampfhنusl5 - Bormann's house10 - Platterhof garage15 - Gutshof​

وفي نهاية السلسلة ... سأضع شرح كامل ... عن الأهالي في بيرختيس جادن Berchtesgaden ومشاعرهم تجاه الماضي والحاضر والأجانب علاوة علي بعض التصائح لمن يزور المنطقة



د. يحي الشاعر
اقتباس:

Obersalzberg Nazi Complex​

The main area of Nazi occupation in Berchtesgaden was on the Obersalzberg, a quiet mountain retreat two miles east of Berchtesgaden and some 1200 feet higher in elevation. This page is divided into various sections to cover this area; follow these links to visit each specific area: Berghof (Hitler's home), Bormann's and Gِring's houses, Platterhof, Gنstehaus and Kampfhنusl, Hotel Zum Türken, bunker system, Kehlsteinhaus (Eagles Nest), SS barracks, Gutshof and Teehaus, miscellaneous buildings.
Construction of the eventual mammoth Nazi complex on the Obersalzberg began about 1935. Hitler already had his Haus Wachenfeld (later renamed the "Berghof"), and Hermann Gِring also had a small rustic house higher on the hill. Both of these were later enlarged and remodeled, although Gِring's house retained somewhat the character of a rustic country "landhaus" (Gِring was an avid hunter and outdoorsman). To control the crowds who came to see their Führer and Reichskanzler in his home in Berchtesgaden, SS guards were brought in, barracks had to be built, lodgings for all the workers needed for the construction and remodeling were required, accommodations for important guests were necessary, housing for all the needed staff had to be built, kindergartens for their children, etc. Soon the mountain area was a vast scene of construction, and a high fence was built around the entire area to keep the crowds away. Eventually, mostly by design of Nazi Reichsleiter Martin Bormann (who ran the Obersalzberg complex), Hitler's palatial Berghof (no longer a rustic mountain lodge) was surrounded by a security area from which the common people of the Third Reich were excluded. Some of these buildings can be seen in this 1981 photo, taken from the Kehlsteinhaus almost 3000 feet higher on the Hoher Gِll mountain overlooking the Obersalzberg. A plan showing these buildings appears below. Click here for a MapQuest map of the Obersalzberg.​

.

Compare this photo taken from the same spot ca. 1940. Most of the Obersalzberg buildings can be seen, although the Berghof is hidden behind the woods in the right-center of the photo.
Many of these buildings were severely damaged and substantially destroyed in a Royal Air Force bombing attack on 25 April 1945. The map below shows the locations of the various buildings and ruins ca. 1960. (Verlag Therese Partner, Hotel Zum Türken (author's collection)​

1 - Gِring's Adjutant's house6 - SS Kaserne11 - Platterhof2 - Gِring's house7 - Kindergarten/Modellhaus12 - Gنstehaus3 - Gِringhügl hill8 - Hotel Zum Türken13 - Main SS guardhouse4 - Greenhouse9 - Hitler's Berghof14 - Kampfhنusl5 - Bormann's house10 - Platterhof garage15 - Gutshof

​

This interesting plan of the central Obersalzberg area can be compared to the one above. This plan was published
ca. 1945, apparently for use of the first U.S. soldiers who reached the area. It was apparently published prior to the
American occupation of the Obersalzberg, as it contains several errors that probably would not have been made by
a mapmaker who was on the ground. (author's cllection)​

This interesting aerial photo shows the core Obersalzberg area in the summer of 1936, following the conversion of Hitler's Haus Wachenfeld into the Berghof. The view is looking southeast, with the Berghof in the center. On the road below the Berghof can be seen the main SS guard house, which spanned the access road. The road going down the hill below the guard house led to Villa Bechstein, which the Nazis used as a guest house for visiting dignitaries, most usually Josef Goebbels.
At the same level as the guard house, on the left side of this view, is Freidinglehen, the Rasp house. The elderly farmer Josef "Fleck" Rasp was Hitler's closest neighbor, but he was forced to sell out and move away soon after this picture was taken, since Martin Bormann would not allow private individuals to live in the closed-off Führer area. Just above the Rasp house can be seen the beginning of the walkway to Hitler's Teehaus on the Mooslahnerkopf.
To the left-rear of the Berghof can be seen the Hotel Zum Türken, whose proprietor had already been forced to leave by the Nazis, and the building was being used by the SS guard force. Up the hill behind the Türken can be seen various private houses, which were all later torn down by Bormann to make room for the SS barracks complex.
Just to the left of the Türken is the Oberwurflehen house, which also fell victim to Bormann's plans. On the hill above, between Oberwurflehen and the Türken, is the Obersalzberg chapel "Maria Hilf," which would also shortly be torn down by Bormann.
(National Archives, RG 260-NS)
Compare the top view to the ca.1934 view at left, showing Haus Wachenfeld after its first renovation, and to the May 1945 photo below. In the earlier view at left, the building at the bottom is the rarely-seen Villa Bechstein, owned by Helena Bechstein of the world famous piano making family. She was an ardent Hitler supporter, and Bormann had the use of her Obersalzberg villa as a guesthouse. When Goebbels visited Hitler on the Obersalzberg, he usually stayed in the Villa Bechstein.
(1942-dated postcard in author's collection)​

This aerial reconnaissance photo was taken prior to the 25 April 1945 bombing of the Obersalzberg, for pilots and bombardiers to study. Some snow shows on the ground in this March 1945 photo, but the dark mottling that can be seen on the roofs of several of the buildings was camouflage netting or an attempt at camouflage painting. Some of the buildings also received camouflage patterns on their sides late in the war. Obviously, this was a futile effort. Key to the identifications:
A -- Hintereck area
B -- Greenhouse building
C -- SS Kaserne
D -- Kindergarten and Modellhaus/Filmarchiv
E -- Hotel Zum Türken
F -- Platterhof complex
G -- Hitler's Berghof
H -- Gنstehaus Hoher Gِll
J -- SS guard house
(U.S. Army photo, Life Magazine, 19 March 1945)​

This photo, one of a series of aerial views taken in mid-May 1945 by the U.S. Army Air Forces, shows a similar view to that above (showing more to the right). The ruined Berghof, hit at least twice during the 25 April 1945 bombing by the RAF, and later set on fire by departing SS troops, is at the lower left-center of the photo. Comparing to the photo and map above, you can also see the partly-ruined Hotel Zum Türken and the main SS guard house. Uphill from the Türken is the bombed-out SS barracks complex. Not visible in the photo above, but seen in this one, are the Platterhof hotel (right center), with its Guest House just below. The roof of the garage and employees quarters for the Platterhof can be seen to the left of the Platterhof, adjacent to the SS barracks. This view also shows one of the emergency exits to the air raid shelter system beneath the hill behind the Berghof - a lighter hued area just off the left wingtip of the P-47 Thunderbolt seen in the lower center of the photo. In the left distance can be seen the buildings of the Klaushِhe settlement. (National Archives, RG 342-FH)​

Another in the series of May 1945 aerial views shows the Hotel Zum Türken on the right, with the ruins of the Kindergarten house and the SS barracks uphill behind it. To the left of the SS barracks buildings is the shattered greenhouse, and farther on, at the left edge of this view, are the ruins of Bormann's house. In the lower left-center of the photo is the bombed Unterwurflehen house, where the SS officer who ran the Obersalzberg administrative offices lived. Note how the bombing churned the roads up so that they were barely passable in this area, and note the P-47 Thunderbolt in the center of the photo. (National Archives, RG 342-FH, 3A20805)​

A part of another in the series of May 1945 aerial views shows this same area, from a different angle. The main SS guardhouse is at the bottom, with the Berghof ruins in the right-center of the photo and the Türken just above. In the left-center are the ruins of the Unterwurflehen house, with Bormann's destroyed house on the hill above. Landhaus Gِring appears at the upper left (looking not too badly damaged here). This photo has a good view of one of the Berghof bunker emergency exits, to the lower right of the Berghof ruins (see a modern photo of this bunker exit here). Many of the bomb craters seen in these 1945 photos can still be found in undeveloped areas on the Obersalzberg. (National Archives, RG 342-FH) ​

In this view the P-47 Thunderbolt is flying in front of the ruins of Hitler's Berghof. The destruction from the bombing
and fire is evident. Buildings of the SS Kaserne can be seen in the left background. (National Archives, RG 342-FH, 3A20796)​

This photo taken about 1960 shows the ruins of the Obersalzberg. Comparison to the photos and map above will identify most of these features. The Berghof site is at the lower-right - the garage and retaining walls can be seen. The rebuilt Hotel Zum Türken is adjacent, with an open area above, where the SS Kaserne was located. The large dug out area across the road from the Türken (below the site of Bormann's house) was where fill was taken to make the parking lot for the Kehlsteinhaus buses, which can be seen near the center of the photo (contrary to some sources, this fill was not taken from the actual site of Bormann's house, but from further down the hill). The greenhouse foundations can be seen in the center of the photo, with the Gِring Hill to the left, still showing numerous bomb craters. Above that can be seen Gِring's Adjutant's house, the SS houses at the Hintereck, the Koksbunker, and at the top of the photo, the parking lot for the Klaushِhe settlement.​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

يمكن تصور ضخامة وطول دهاليز مخابيء الحماية ضد الغارات .... وحتي لوألقيت علي الجبل قنبلة "ذرية" فلم يكن من الممكن أن تؤثر علي من كان في المخابيء ...

إن تفرعات المخاليء بجعل منهم مدينة ... تحت المدينة .... ويمتد عدة كيلومترات متفرعة ...

علاوة علي ذلك ، فقد كان لكل من كبار النازي الذين يقيمون في المنطقة ... نظام مخابيء خاص له ولعائلته وزواره وحرسه الخاص ... مثلا .. هيرمان جورنج ... و ... بورمان ... وهتلر ... والحرس الهام ... والحنود في المنطقة ... و .. و ...


د. يحي الشاعر


اقتباس:

Obersalzberg​

Air Raid Shelters (Tunnel and Bunker Systems)
When the air war over the Reich became a reality in 1943, Reichsleiter Martin Bormann was forced to order the construction of a series of air raid shelters and command posts for the residents and military staff of the Obersalzberg. These tunnels are often called "bunkers" today, but they are not technically so, since they were not meant as defensive positions from which to fight (even though their entrances were protected by machineguns), but simply as shelters in case of air attacks. They were used successfully for this purpose during the Royal Air Force bombing on 25 April 1945.
Elaborate shelter systems were built beneath the hill behind the Berghof, with tastefully furnished rooms for Hitler and his mistress Eva Braun; beneath the RSD headquarters at Haus Türken; and into the high hill near Gِring's house (sometimes called the Gِring Hill or Adolf Hitler Hill). The latter included Bormann's private shelter system, another private bunker for Gِring and his adjutant (which Bormann would not allow to be connected to the rest of the bunker system), and a command and communications center for the Obersalzberg anti-aircraft defense. There was also a tunnel complex behind the Platterhof, with a planned link to Hitler's bunker, and other less elaborate (or less finished) complexes in the periphery of the area (SS Kaserne, Antenberg, Hintereck/Klaushِhe, Buchenhِhe, Gutshof, Obertal).
The bunker systems consisted of multi-level tunnels lined with concrete and bricks, with associated power, heating, and ventilation systems, and anti-gas protection systems. Most entrances and emergency exits were covered by protected machinegun positions, and some of these were quite elaborate. It would have been difficult for any enemy to fight his way into these systems. The anti-aircraft defense center included a concrete tower containing a stairway leading to the surface, and also a periscope.
It should be noted than in addition to the traditional air-raid tunnel systems, there were access tunnels linking several of the buildings on the Obersalzberg, as well as tunnels for ventilation, water, and sewage pipes. Most of these smaller secondary tunnels do not appear on any published maps. Click here to see some of these access tunnels beneath the SS Kaserne, and here to see an access tunnel between the Hotel Zum Türken and the Filmarchiv building. See the Bibliography page for information of Florian Beierl's new book on the tunnel systems, "Hitlers Berg."
Most of the underground systems are now sealed and not accessible to the public, but a very interesting tour of some of the system can be had at the Hotel Zum Türken, and the unfinished military headquarters complex (Platterhof/Gنstehaus bunker) can be visited from the Obersalzberg Documentation Center near the Platterhof site.​

Plan of the Central Obersalzberg Bunker System
The portions that are open to the public are marked in yellow. Other tunnel and shelter systems existed beneath other parts of the Obersalzberg, such as the Gutshof, Antenberg, Klaushِhe, Buchenhِhe, and Obertal. Many other tunnels existed in this area that are not shown on this map. (Dokumentation Obersalzberg)

Türken and Berghof Tunnels

This stairway leads down into the tunnel complex beneath the Hotel Zum Türken, and on to the Berghof tunnels. At the bottom of the stairways, the entrance corridors were protected by machineguns (the corridor turns to the left just before the wall at the end). (All photos of the Türken tunnel complex were taken and published here by permission of Frau Ingrid Scharfenberg, Hotel Zum Türken.)

Some of the corridors were covered by machinegun positions that had no entrances on the same level, but were reached from corridors below.
Bricked-up entrance to Hitler's tunnel/bunker, in the system beneath the Hotel Zum Türken (an anti-gas damper is visible above the doorway).​

In the 1950s and 1960s more of the Berghof tunnel system was open to the public than is the case today. These photos from postcards of that period show (left) the corridor leading to the rooms for Hitler, Eva Braun, and Dr. Theo Morell (Hitler's personal physician); (center) steps leading to areas used by the guards; (right) the stairway leading to the main entrance at the rear of the Berghof

Inside the Berghof tunnel today. This view was taken through the hole in the upper-left corner
of the bricked-up doorway - the view is the same as the photo on the left above.​

-​

Emergency exits to the Berghof tunnel system. The exit above was the one that had a bazooka fired into it in May 1945 (see below) - although the exit appears to be open in this photo, it is closed today by an iron door just a few feet inside. The other exit (below) is also closed by an iron door (both doors are kept locked). The actual entrance to Hitler's tunnel system was through a doorway in the retaining wall at the rear of the Berghof, behind the Haus Wachenfeld wing (this doorway is buried under fill today).​

When the U.S. Army moved onto the Obersalzberg on 4 May 1945, they did not know if the underground systems were defended. So they fired bazookas into some of the emergency exit openings. The photo on the left shows damage to an interior machinegun position from a bazooka fired into the Berghof system emergency exit corridor near the Hotel Zum Türken, marked on the map above. The corridor above marked MG-STAND led to this position, and on to the corridor leading to the emergency exit.

Left - machinery room in the Türken tunnel system, for power generation systems; center - room for ventilation equipment (the connection to the similar tunnel beneath the Berghof tunnels has been bricked up); right - corridor leading to Bormann's tunnel system (closed off further around the corner).​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

اقتباس:

Further views in the tunnel system beneath the Hotel Zum Türken. On the left is a corridor on the lowest level, giving access to the machinegun positions on the level above. In the center can be seen conduits for piping and communication cables. Ground water running through these conduits has produced artificial "flowstone," as in a cave system. On the right is a doorway near the entrance to the Berghof tunnel system. The metal doors and most of the wooden door frames were plundered after the April 1945 bombing, but some of the original wood survives (some of the door frames in the Berghof tunnels are in surprisingly good condition today).

Platterhof Tunnel

Entrance to an unfinished elevator shaft in the Platterhof/Gنstehaus tunnel complex, which would have connected with Hitler's Berghof bunker and with a planned additional tunnel system, some 50 feet beneath this one. On the right is a view looking into the shaft, showing the mounts for the elevator machinery.​

One of the corridors in the Platterhof complex, reached today from the Documentation Center.This staircase led up to the tunnel entrance in the basement of the Platterhof hotel.

The staircase leading to the Platterhof hotel basement was protected by a machinegun position. On the left is an iron gun mount in its position in the concrete wall; on the right is another gun mount lying on the floor, showing the whole configuration.​

-

Adjacent to the foot of the stairway from the Platterhof hotel basement was an unfinished emergency exit. This area of the Platterhof tunnels was recently opened to the public for the first time since 1995.​

An unfinished room in the Platterhof tunnel system, seen in 1945. This is probably the same large room today, seen from the other end (looking toward the doorway). (U.S. Army photo)​

Left and center - rooms that branch off the main corridors. Some of these rooms were meant as offices - the room on the left still has a large metal safe that has fallen to the floor. The corridor on the right has a deep tank behind the railing (not period), for fuel for the generators.

This large corridor in the Platterhof tunnel complex housed electrical generators and other power machinery for heating and forced ventilation, along with fuel storage. On the left is a view taken in 1981, on the tour from the Gen. Walker Hotel (former Platterhof), with the corresponding view today in the center (as toured from the Documentation Center). On the right is a view looking back the other way, showing some of the machinery mounts.​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

Graffiti are a common sight in the tunnels today - these can be seen in the Platterhof complex. On the left, period graffiti from the Allied take-over of the Obersalzberg in May 1945. The crosses (La Croix de Lorraine du DeGaulle) were the symbol of the Free French forces (2e DB = 2nd Division Blinde - 2nd French Armored Division) - this is in the corridor seen in the photos just above. On the right, graffiti from the "Last Bunker Tour (forever)," 24 October 1995. This was the last tour by the Armed Forces Recreation Center, from the General Walker Hotel (see the Platterhof page).

Original ventilation equipment in the Platterhof complex. On the right is a filter canister for the air filtration system installed by the Drنger company of Lübeck (click here to see an original Drنger system that was installed beneath the Berchtesgadener Hof hotel).​

Main emergency exit to the Platterhof/Gنstehaus tunnel system, as it appeared in May 1945, and in 1981, bricked up and overgrown. (from "Yank, The Army Weekly," 22 June 1945 (author's collection)

This exit is now enclosed, part of the Documentation Center, and serves as the entrance to the Platterhof tunnel system. On the right above, branching corridors inside this entrance to the Platterhof /Gنstehaus tunnel system. The corridor on the right led to the main tunnel system, while that on the left opened into one of the unfinished parts of the system (seen below).​

SS Kaserne Tunnels

The SS Kaserne, adjacent to the Platterhof site, had two levels of tunnels associated with it. The pictures here were taken in the access tunnels that ran beneath the barracks buildings. These tunnels were torn out and filled in 2001. Click here to see more photos of the SS tunnels. (courtesy Ralf Hornberger)

Bormann's Tunnel

Emergency bunker exit below the site of Bormann's house. Some maps indicate that this was planned to connect to Bormann's own system or the adjacent anti-aircraft defense complex, while others show it connecting to the tunnel system near the Koksbunker, for the Hintereck and Klaushِhe settlements. This tunnel is accessible, but often has several inches of water in it.

The tunnel goes only a few yards and then widens out. However, at the apparent bottom of a stairway, the tunnel is blocked with earth and debris, and has apparently been so blocked since 1945 (or perhaps since the razing of the Bormann house ruins in 1952). The iron hooks on the wall originally held ventilation pipes.​

 

[النسرالعربي]

شكرا اخوي يحيى
الله يطول عمرك

 

[paul vitti]

وكما نعرف لا يكتب الألمان ولا ينشرون صور عن هذه المنطقة ... ويتناسون الماضي ...

لماذا برأيك يا دكتور؟ أنا لم أفهم هذه النقطة

 

[said boudiaf]

very good very good
very good very good

 

[Tiger Egypt]

الالمان من اقوى شعوب الارض ونظرة واحدة الى معاركهم فى الحروب كافية لفهم لماذا يخاف الغرب من المانيا

 

[منتصر الوادي]

العرب الاقوى في العالم لا تقولي المان ولا امريكان انظر الى الملاحم العربية بالجاهلية وبالاسلام

 

[cosa]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Comp

لكل عصر امبراطورية قوية

 

[peacemaker]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Comp

ما شاء الله يا دكتور يحيى علمتنا بمخابئ الرايخ الثالث

 

[المعتصم بالله جبريل]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Comp

أنا مسلم و أنا هو الأقوى من هتلر

 

[ألب ارسلان]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Comp

أنا مسلم و أنا هو الأقوى من هتلر

هذا هو الكلام الصحيح

 

[f-14d]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Complex

التاريخ يعيد نفسه على كل ديكتاتور
كان هذا مخبأ هتلر سابقا
واليوم مخبأ القذافي باب العزيزيه

 

[مهند العكيدي]

رد: مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Complex

موضوع اكثر من رائع
شكرا اخي العزيز