مخبأ أدولف هتلر في الجبال ومنطقة أوبرسالزبيرج .. سلسلة صور Obersalzberg Nazi Complex

[يحي الشاعر]

Further views in the tunnel system beneath the Hotel Zum Türken. On the left is a corridor on the lowest level, giving access to the machinegun positions on the level above. In the center can be seen conduits for piping and communication cables. Ground water running through these conduits has produced artificial "flowstone," as in a cave system. On the right is a doorway near the entrance to the Berghof tunnel system. The metal doors and most of the wooden door frames were plundered after the April 1945 bombing, but some of the original wood survives (some of the door frames in the Berghof tunnels are in surprisingly good condition today).

Platterhof Tunnel

Entrance to an unfinished elevator shaft in the Platterhof/Gنstehaus tunnel complex, which would have connected with Hitler's Berghof bunker and with a planned additional tunnel system, some 50 feet beneath this one. On the right is a view looking into the shaft, showing the mounts for the elevator machinery.​

One of the corridors in the Platterhof complex, reached today from the Documentation Center.This staircase led up to the tunnel entrance in the basement of the Platterhof hotel.

The staircase leading to the Platterhof hotel basement was protected by a machinegun position. On the left is an iron gun mount in its position in the concrete wall; on the right is another gun mount lying on the floor, showing the whole configuration.​

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Adjacent to the foot of the stairway from the Platterhof hotel basement was an unfinished emergency exit. This area of the Platterhof tunnels was recently opened to the public for the first time since 1995.​

An unfinished room in the Platterhof tunnel system, seen in 1945. This is probably the same large room today, seen from the other end (looking toward the doorway). (U.S. Army photo)​

Left and center - rooms that branch off the main corridors. Some of these rooms were meant as offices - the room on the left still has a large metal safe that has fallen to the floor. The corridor on the right has a deep tank behind the railing (not period), for fuel for the generators.

This large corridor in the Platterhof tunnel complex housed electrical generators and other power machinery for heating and forced ventilation, along with fuel storage. On the left is a view taken in 1981, on the tour from the Gen. Walker Hotel (former Platterhof), with the corresponding view today in the center (as toured from the Documentation Center). On the right is a view looking back the other way, showing some of the machinery mounts.​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

اقتباس:

Graffiti are a common sight in the tunnels today - these can be seen in the Platterhof complex. On the left, period graffiti from the Allied take-over of the Obersalzberg in May 1945. The crosses (La Croix de Lorraine du DeGaulle) were the symbol of the Free French forces (2e DB = 2nd Division Blinde - 2nd French Armored Division) - this is in the corridor seen in the photos just above. On the right, graffiti from the "Last Bunker Tour (forever)," 24 October 1995. This was the last tour by the Armed Forces Recreation Center, from the General Walker Hotel (see the Platterhof page).

Original ventilation equipment in the Platterhof complex. On the right is a filter canister for the air filtration system installed by the Drنger company of Lübeck (click here to see an original Drنger system that was installed beneath the Berchtesgadener Hof hotel).​

Main emergency exit to the Platterhof/Gنstehaus tunnel system, as it appeared in May 1945, and in 1981, bricked up and overgrown. (from "Yank, The Army Weekly," 22 June 1945 (author's collection)

This exit is now enclosed, part of the Documentation Center, and serves as the entrance to the Platterhof tunnel system. On the right above, branching corridors inside this entrance to the Platterhof /Gنstehaus tunnel system. The corridor on the right led to the main tunnel system, while that on the left opened into one of the unfinished parts of the system (seen below).​

SS Kaserne Tunnels

The SS Kaserne, adjacent to the Platterhof site, had two levels of tunnels associated with it. The pictures here were taken in the access tunnels that ran beneath the barracks buildings. These tunnels were torn out and filled in 2001. Click here to see more photos of the SS tunnels. (courtesy Ralf Hornberger)

Bormann's Tunnel

Emergency bunker exit below the site of Bormann's house. Some maps indicate that this was planned to connect to Bormann's own system or the adjacent anti-aircraft defense complex, while others show it connecting to the tunnel system near the Koksbunker, for the Hintereck and Klaushِhe settlements. This tunnel is accessible, but often has several inches of water in it.

The tunnel goes only a few yards and then widens out. However, at the apparent bottom of a stairway, the tunnel is blocked with earth and debris, and has apparently been so blocked since 1945 (or perhaps since the razing of the Bormann house ruins in 1952). The iron hooks on the wall originally held ventilation pipes.​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

These views show the water drainage system beneath the floor (large pipe opening) and the smaller openings for the cable conduits.​

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Concrete tower on the hill above the greenhouse. This is usually called an observation tower, but it was actually the top of a staircase leading from the anti-aircraft defense and communications center below. The cone-shaped items were bases for radio antennas, and the cubical block was for a periscope.​

The doorway of the circular tower is sealed. Unfortunately, these interesting ruins were removed during the construction of a luxury hotel on the hill above, 2002-2005.​

This photo from ca. 1946 shows the top of the circular concrete tower and the cubical periscope block
from above (bottom of the photo) - looking out over the ruins of the SS Kaserne, with the Platterhof
and its garage beyond (photo by Ernst Baumann, author's collection).

Some distance lower down on the hillside, opposite the Hotel Zum Türken, is this entrance to the system for the anti-aircraft defense and communications center. It also apparently connected to the Türken, Berghof, and Bormann systems. On the left, a GI guards the entrance in May 1945. This entrance looked much the same for many years, with only the arched opening closed and the smaller metal door added (like the photos immediately below), but in recent years the original cement face was covered over. (U.S. Army photo, National Archives Record Group 111-SC)

Other Obersalzberg Tunnels

This tunnel entrance is located near the Koksbunker. It gave access to the tunnel system for the employees living in the Hintereck area, and for the Klaushِhe housing settlement. Another such entrance is located inside the leftmost Koksbunker coal room.This emergency exit to Gِring's tunnel system is located on the lower hillside between the site of his house and his adjutant's house.

This small unfinished tunnel system on the Obersalzberg is thought to have been used by the SS contingent to store munitions. (courtesy Ralf Hornberger and Mario Blersch)

Antenberg Tunnel

A tunnel system was built into the Antenberg hill, beneath the Theaterhalle, for protection of the workers living in the adjacent barracks area during air attack. In contrast to the elaborate and somewhat luxurious systems of Hitler and Bormann, this was a no-frills basic air-raid shelter. It was only partly finished, with mostly bare rooms having only a few benches, and the walls and floors were often wet and muddy. But it served its purpose - during the RAF bombing attack on 25 April 1945, few if any of the Antenberg residents were killed. These photos show the entrance corridor (from both sides) - when completed, a machinegun position such as those in the Türken tunnels would have been here.

Hallways with side rooms in the Antenberg system. The stalactites, from ground water leaching through the ceilings, are a common sight in tunnel systems not maintained for the public. The mud lines on the walls show how high the water can get in these tunnels.

On the left, an unfinished corridor in the Antenberg system, with its original wooden shoring beams. The photo on the right shows how the tunnel walls were constructed - a layer of concrete was laid against the rock, then waterproof rubberized sheeting (the black material peeling away above the bricks), then a layer of bricks, then an interior coat of concrete.​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

اقتباس:

Obertal and Gutshof Tunnels

Beyond the existing air attack shelter tunnel systems on the Obersalzberg, a further system was planned at a level much deeper beneath the mountains. This system was apparently meant to eventually allow vehicles to be driven into the mountain beneath the Obersalzberg center, and the tunnels would have been correspondingly larger. Rough tunnels exist today in the Obertal area (shown here) and at the Gutshof, leading toward the Obersalzberg central area. These tunnels do not join today, but they may have been planned to. (The Gutshof tunnel system in inaccessible today, but you can see photos below.)

Several interesting artifacts line the walls of the Obertal tunnel system. Wooden pieces project from the walls at regular intervals - these probably held power lines during the construction. On the right is an original boring bit, still in its hole in the wall (this one has been bent downward from the hole) - several such bits remain in the walls.

Perhaps the most interesting relic is the remains of a wooden cart that was used to transport the broken rock along a railway on the floor, out to the tunnel entrance. On the right, a view of the only side chamber in the Obertalstollen. The concrete foundations were mounts for ventilation apparatus and other machinery.

Near the Obertal tunnel entrance is this hillside bunker that was used as storage for the explosives used in tunnel construction. Below is a concrete artifact near the tunnel entrance, which is believed to be part of a cable system to lift construction materials from the valley below. (My thanks to my friend and fellow explorer Ralf Hornberger, for info on the Antenberg and Obertal tunnel systems, and for the photo below.)

This similar tunnel system is near the Gutshof (the entrance is buried today). This tunnel contained side rooms, which were likely meant for the Gutshof personnel and perhaps even the livestock, and possibly the Albert Speer family, who lived nearby but had no tunnel system for their house. (courtesy Ralf Hornberger and Mario Blersch)

Tunnels in Berchtesgaden

Shelters from air attack were also provided in Berchtesgaden itself. Most of the hills on which the town was built had tunnels beneath them (these are mostly inaccessible today). A tunnel system was also bored into the hill behind the Bahnhof (train station), for rail yard employees. One of the three entrances is shown on the left - to the upper left is a smaller opening at the top of a chute leading down into a room to the left of the main entrance. The photo on the right shows the bare-bones status of this Bahnhof tunnel - only bare unfinished rock, with a few brick walls (these walls may be post-war). The photos below show what may be an unfinished or blocked off additional entrance to this tunnel system, located to the right of the other entrances. This tunnel has narrow-gauge rails laid on the floor.

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اقتباس:

Above are two views of the tunnel passages of the Weinfeld Stollen in Berchtesgaden. This tunnel system was opened to the public for the first time since 1945, for a tour commemorating the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II in May 2005. Below is one entrance to the lower section of the two-tier Berghof Stollen (no relation to the Obersalzberg Berghof).

Below is the entrance to the upper level of the Berghof Stollen, which can be found off Ludwig Ganghofer Straكe. The view from above shows how the tunnel entrance goes back into the hill behind (courtesy Ralf Hornberger).​

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This entrance leads to the upper level of the Nonntal Stollen (not open to the public).

This entrance leads to the Kalvarienberg Stollen (not open to the public) (thanks to my friend Mario Blersch for showing me this tunnel entrance).​

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A Hochbunker (high bunker - apparently the only above-ground air-raid shelter built in Berchtesgaden) was built near the BDM Sport School in Strub. This concrete bunker on private property is in a very deteriorated condition today. Below is a view inside the BDM bunker (courtesy Ralf Hornberger).

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This bunker covered an entrance to a tunnel system beneath the Luftwaffe headquarters in Berchtesgaden (near the road running south towards the Kِnigssee). Some of Hermann Gِring's art collection was hidden here at the end of the war (click here to see other sites where Gِring's collection was stored) - in the 1945 photo at left, soldiers of the 101st Airborne Division can be seen collecting Gِring's artworks. After the war the U.S. Army used the headquarters building as the Alpine Inn, but it was torn down in 1996 and housing was built on the site, and the bunker area covered with stone - only a part of the upper concrete façade now sticks up out of the rubble. (left - Life Magazine, 11 June 1945; right - courtesy Ralf Hornberger)

Splitterschutzgraben, or trenches for protection against bomb shrapnel, were provided both in Berchtesgaden itself and on the Obersalzberg. This example is in the open area below the Wittelsbach palace in Berchtesgaden. On the right is a view inside the collapsed shelter. An intact example is located on the Obersalzberg, near the site of the workers' camp between Klaushِhe and Buchenhِhe.

Extensive tunnel systems were planned, and some were even started, in other areas around Berchtesgaden. One of these would have been in the mountains surrounding the Kِnigssee lake, south of Berchtesgaden. This extensive tunnel system was meant as a headquarters for SS chief Heinrich Himmler. Only a test tunnel was begun - the entrance can be seen during a boat tour of the lake, in the western shore hillside near the "Echo Wall."​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

اقتباس:

Moll System Guard Bunkers

This artifact can be found on the side of the hill near the site of Landhaus Gِring. This was a "Moll-System" concrete bunker for two guards, manufactured by the Leonhard Moll concrete company of Munich. There were at least fifteen of these concrete shelters for the guard force in the Obersalzberg area - one was at the west end of the Berghof, another on the Gِringhügl hill (this one can be seen in my father's 1946 photo of the SS Barracks, sticking up about half-way up on the left side of the hill; it was broken up after the war and the remains dumped in a bomb crater near the anti-aircraft control center stairwell tower, but these remains were removed during the hotel construction in 2002), another was on the Antenberg near the Theaterhalle, another just behind the Kampfhنusl, another near Speer's house and studio, another was on the Bodnerbichl, overlooking the Platterhof complex, another at the entrance to the path leading to the Berghof bunker exit nearest the main Obersalzberg road, two more at a workers camp above Klaushِhe, another above Buchenhِhe (only pieces remain of these), two others adjacent to Gِring's house, another near Villa Bechstein, and another on the northern edge of the security area, just inside the fence, near the Mooslahnerkopf Teehaus (this last one is also intact - see photos below); while others were located in Berchtesgaden itself. These Berchtesgaden/Obersalzberg Moll Bunkers were presumably provided as shelter from air attacks for the roving guard force, or as observation posts to guard against paratrooper or glider landings. They were often located beside paths in the woods leading to various buildings, but also sometimes in isolated locations. Occupants could not fight from these positions - only observe through narrow slits. (additional photos and info courtesy Ralf Hornberger, George Foehringer, Chrisu Jنhnl, and David Beavan)

This Moll Bunker is located on the northern edge of the Obersalzberg security area, just inside the fence, near the path leading to the site of the Mooslahnerkopf Teehaus. Remains of the chain-link fence that ran around the security area can still be seen near this bunker.

On the left above, a member of the SS guard force stands inside the fence that ran around the perimeter of the security area. On the right are remains of this fence, that can be found today near the site of the Teehaus. (courtesy Ralf Hornberger)

These three 1945 photos show the Moll-System bunker that guarded access to the Berghof along the path coming from the Gنstehaus, at the west end of the Berghof Adjutancy building. The top (upside-down) and other pieces of this bunker can still be found today on the slope below the Berghof site (pieces of another Moll Bunker can be found near the tunnel emergency exit that is downhill from this side of the Berghof site). Remains of the camouflage netting can also be seen in the photos above. (left above - Hotel Zum Türken collection; right above - "Yank, the Army Weekly," 22 June 1945; left below - U.S. National Archives Film Branch)

The photo on the left above, taken shortly after American occupation in 1945, shows the Moll-System bunker on the Bodnerbichl hill (arrow). (The view is looking over the Platterhof - click here to see the entire photo.) On the right and below are the moss-covered remains of this bunker which can be found on the side of the Bodnerbichl today. (U.S. Army Signal Corps photo, National Archives RG 342FH 3A20801)

The view on the left is overlooking the site of the Kampfhنusl. Just uphill behind the house site can be seen the top and pieces of the sides and doors of a Moll Bunker. The Moll Bunker top on the right is on the hillside above the road between Klaushِhe and Buchenhِhe. (right - courtesy Ralf Hornberger)​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

اقتباس:

These 1945 photos show the ruins of Hermann Gِring's house (left and below) and the Villa Bechstein (right). Moll-System bunkers can be seen at the right side of each photo above (the Bechstein one is missing its top). A Moll Bunker on the other side of Gِring's house can be seen in the distance just to the left of the house in the photo below. There are no remains of these bunkers today.

These two Moll-System bunkers were located in Berchtesgaden itself - the one on the left is on the hillside above the Hotel Watzmann, while that on the right was above the Salzbergwerk (salt mine). It guarded the lower end of a walking trail leading up to the Obersalzberg. This trail was popular in the early-mid 1930s with hikers who wanted to see Hitler's Berghof - it was even published on period tourism maps. When the Obersalzberg area was closed to public access, a guard was apparently posted here. (Note - the Moll Bunker on the right was removed in early 2005 and broken up, by the Salzbergwerk mining company.) (left - photo courtesy Ralf Hornberger)

This 1945 photo shows a "Moll-System" shelter in place. This particular example was installed as a guard position outside the gate to the SS barracks at the Dachau concentration camp. In this photo, management has been taken over by the U.S. 42nd Infantry Division. (42nd "Rainbow" Infantry Division. Baton Rouge, LA, Army & Navy Publishing Co., 1946)

On the right is the L.MOLL logo of the Leonhard Moll company, found on the door of one of the Obersalzberg Moll Bunkers.​

 

[Tunguska]

رحم الله عبدا عمل عمل صالها فاتقنه, و انت دائما تتقن عملك.
اخي العزيز, انا من المهتمين بفترة الحرب ع. 2, و لدي سؤال هل الss هم الشرطة السرية او جنود تحت الاوامر المباشرة من هتلر الذين يعرفون ب GISTAPO
​

 

[يحي الشاعر]

رحم الله عبدا عمل عمل صالها فاتقنه, و انت دائما تتقن عملك.

اخي العزيز, انا من المهتمين بفترة الحرب ع. 2, و لدي سؤال هل الss هم الشرطة السرية او جنود تحت الاوامر المباشرة من هتلر الذين يعرفون ب GISTAPO​

نتفق ، فهذا إهتمامي الخاص ... وكنت سأقدم الدكتوراه عن فترة هتلر ، غير انني إخترت مواصلة تخصصي في موضوع قناة السويس

أول الجستابو هو إختصار لكلمة "بوليس الدولة السري" Geheim Staatspoliziei
لم يكن هتلر نفسه مسئولا عن جيس ... ولكن من كان مسئولا عن الجستابو عديد من القادة اللألمان
هاينريش هيملر Heinrich Luitpold Himmler

المسئول عن أمن الدولة SaatsSicherheit

كما لن ننسي هيندريش

والتحية النازية المشهورة

د. يحي الشاعر

 

[Tunguska]

شكرا لمعلوماتك.
لدي معرفة لا باس بها بهذه الاشياء و اعرف ان الحرس الخاص لهتلر يدعى Leibstandart