- إنضم
- 15 فبراير 2008
- المشاركات
- 13,443
- التفاعل
تقرير عن اختيارات مصر بين عدد من الغواصات بواسطة الولايات المتحدة حيث كان سيتم تمويل الصفقة من المساعدات العسكرية الامريكية
وكان عصب الكلام عن الموراى انها سوف يتم بنائها فى امريكا لصالح مصر بعدد غواصتين من النسخة الاولية +عدد غواصتين اخريتين من النسخة الثانية
---------------------
لن اقوم بالترجمة الحرفية ولكن ساعطى تلخيصا لما جاء بالتقرير بشكل عام
---------------
June 28, 2002 in Security of Israel:The Egyptian Navy is now in the process of acquiring two new Dutch-designed Moray-class diesel-electric submarines from Litton Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi. The contract between Litton Ingalls and the Egyptian Navy was signed in October 2000. The contract allows for RDM to be a subcontractor in the deal overseeing production and design since the Moray-class was designed by RDM-Submarines in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
فى عام 2002
البحرية المصرية كانت تخطط للحصول على غواصتين موراى تعمل بالديزل سيتم تصنيعها فى امريكا فى ولاية مسيسبي حوض Litton Ingalls ,
بعد توقيع العقد فى عام 2000 وتم التصميم بواسطة شركة RDM الهولندية
--------------------
As of early 2002, United States Congressional critics have been lobbying to reduce the annual military aid package to Egypt.Since the Camp David Peace Accords of 1979, Egypt has been privy to an annual military aid package of US$1.3B, which in large part has been utilized to finance the bulk of the Egyptian Armed Forces modernization programs with Western-made equipment.However, due to Egypt’s slowing economy over the past several years; pressure is growing in the US Congress to introduce legislation to consider reducing military aid to Egypt in favour of economic aid. . . . .
. . . . Any type of legislation will have a tough up-hill battle in the House and Senate, since Egypt is an active participant in the US-led anti-terrorist war. In the event that military aid is cut, two major Egyptian naval programs could face further delays, one being the Moray submarine program; which has been inching forward slowly since 1999, and the fast attack craft program (Halter Marine Ambassador MK III design), delayed since 2001, when Halter Marine filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
ظهرت اخبار بعد ذلك ان الصفقة المصرية ستواجة بعض التاخير وذلك بسبب بعض الضغوط من الكونجرس الامريكي لتقليص برنامج المساعدات الامريكية لمصر بحيث ان مصر كانت تحصل على مساعدات بقيمة 1.3 مليار دولر بحسب اتفاقية كامب ديفيد
وكانت وقتها مصر تطلب صفقتين تمول عن طريق المساعدات وهما صفقة الغواصات الموراى وصفقة زوارق الامبسادور
-----------------------------------
Program Status: Planned -- likely. The US Government is currently evaluating a scheme whereby Northrop Grumman Ingalls Shipbuilding will build two Moray 1400 class submarines designed by Rotterdam Dockyard Company Submarines (RDMS) and Nevesbu BV for the Egyptian Navy (EN).
Operational Requirement: The EN has a requirement for a modern submarine force to conduct anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare (ASW/ASuW) patrols in the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Additionally, the submarines are needed to counter the newer submarines being acquired by Iran (three Kilo class) and Israel (three Dolphin/Type 800 class).
وكان عصب الكلام عن الموراى انها سوف يتم بنائها فى امريكا لصالح مصر بعدد غواصتين من النسخة الاولية +عدد غواصتين اخريتين من النسخة الثانية
---------------------
لن اقوم بالترجمة الحرفية ولكن ساعطى تلخيصا لما جاء بالتقرير بشكل عام
---------------
June 28, 2002 in Security of Israel:The Egyptian Navy is now in the process of acquiring two new Dutch-designed Moray-class diesel-electric submarines from Litton Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi. The contract between Litton Ingalls and the Egyptian Navy was signed in October 2000. The contract allows for RDM to be a subcontractor in the deal overseeing production and design since the Moray-class was designed by RDM-Submarines in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
فى عام 2002
البحرية المصرية كانت تخطط للحصول على غواصتين موراى تعمل بالديزل سيتم تصنيعها فى امريكا فى ولاية مسيسبي حوض Litton Ingalls ,
بعد توقيع العقد فى عام 2000 وتم التصميم بواسطة شركة RDM الهولندية
--------------------
As of early 2002, United States Congressional critics have been lobbying to reduce the annual military aid package to Egypt.Since the Camp David Peace Accords of 1979, Egypt has been privy to an annual military aid package of US$1.3B, which in large part has been utilized to finance the bulk of the Egyptian Armed Forces modernization programs with Western-made equipment.However, due to Egypt’s slowing economy over the past several years; pressure is growing in the US Congress to introduce legislation to consider reducing military aid to Egypt in favour of economic aid. . . . .
. . . . Any type of legislation will have a tough up-hill battle in the House and Senate, since Egypt is an active participant in the US-led anti-terrorist war. In the event that military aid is cut, two major Egyptian naval programs could face further delays, one being the Moray submarine program; which has been inching forward slowly since 1999, and the fast attack craft program (Halter Marine Ambassador MK III design), delayed since 2001, when Halter Marine filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
ظهرت اخبار بعد ذلك ان الصفقة المصرية ستواجة بعض التاخير وذلك بسبب بعض الضغوط من الكونجرس الامريكي لتقليص برنامج المساعدات الامريكية لمصر بحيث ان مصر كانت تحصل على مساعدات بقيمة 1.3 مليار دولر بحسب اتفاقية كامب ديفيد
وكانت وقتها مصر تطلب صفقتين تمول عن طريق المساعدات وهما صفقة الغواصات الموراى وصفقة زوارق الامبسادور
-----------------------------------
Program Status: Planned -- likely. The US Government is currently evaluating a scheme whereby Northrop Grumman Ingalls Shipbuilding will build two Moray 1400 class submarines designed by Rotterdam Dockyard Company Submarines (RDMS) and Nevesbu BV for the Egyptian Navy (EN).
Operational Requirement: The EN has a requirement for a modern submarine force to conduct anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare (ASW/ASuW) patrols in the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Additionally, the submarines are needed to counter the newer submarines being acquired by Iran (three Kilo class) and Israel (three Dolphin/Type 800 class).
Program Background: Since the early 1990s, the EN has been attempting to acquire Western submarines to replace the four Improved Romeo (Type 033) class that were transferred from China in the early 1980s. As recently as 1989, Egypt had a submarine force of 12 Romeo and Whiskey class submarines but age has reduced that number to the current four. The four Romeo class currently in service were modernized with Western weapons and sensor systems from 1993 through 1996. However, these units were built in the 1960s, and will need replacement within the next several years.
Egypt issued a Request for Proposal (RfP) for new submarines in September 1991, and since that time the program has been bedevilled by financial and diplomatic obstacles. The heart of Egypt’s difficulties stem from the fact that most of Egypt’s military procurements are financed by the US$1.3B it receives in US foreign military assistance (FMA), and the US is unwilling to allow these funds to pay for the purchase of non-American military equipment. Unfortunately for Egypt’s submarine acquisition efforts, US shipyards have not produced diesel-electric submarines since the 1960s. Egypt spent most of the past decade trying to obtain an affordable acquisition package that satisfies US content requirements. Listed below were some of the options that were initially considered by the EN:
- Type 209 class: Under this proposal, Ingalls Shipbuilding (now Northrop Grumman) would purchase kits for two Type 209 submarines from Howaldtswerft Deutsche Werke (HDW), ship them to the US, and assemble the submarines in Pascagoula, Mississippi. Under this arrangement, approximately 60% of the effort would come through US content and be eligible for FMA funding, the remainder would require Egyptian National Defence Budget funding. In April of 1994, the US State Department granted Ingalls an export license for two Type 209 submarines, indicating that the shipyard was fairly far along in its planning. However, in June of 1997, Ingalls announced that it had withdrawn its bid from consideration. The value of the Ingalls Type 209 proposal was reported to be US$800M.
- Scorpene class: In April 1997, Southwest Marine of San Diego, CA, teamed with Empresa Nacional Bazan (now IZAR) of Spain, visited Egypt to present their proposal to build two Scorpene class submarines fitted with US-made internals provided by Lockheed Martin Systems and EDO. The Southwest Marine offer was extremely attractive in that it involved a US content of between 80-86%; presumably achieved by conducting most of the hull construction in the US. On the other hand, the Southwest Marine/IZAR offer carried significant risk with an untried design and a new team in the submarine construction business. The Southwest Marine/IZAR proposal was reportedly valued at between US$600-700M.
- Kilo class: Loral (now part of Lockheed Martin Naval Electronics & Surveillance Systems) and Rockwell (now Boeing) investigated teaming with Krasnoye Sormovo Shipyard in Nihzhny Novogorod, Russia to present an offer that would produce two Kilo class submarines fitted with US-made internals. The effort met early and strong resistance from the US Congress and State Department, and was never seriously considered.
- Agosta B class: There were several reports that Pakistan offered its Agosta B design to the EN for a total of US$119M for two units.
- Zwaardvis class: The Royal Netherlands Navy decommissioned its two Zwaardvis class submarines in 1995 after 23 years of service, and in 1996 they transferred the submarines to Rotterdam Dockyard Company (RDM) for re-sale. In 1998, the press reported that Egypt, the Netherlands, and the US were involved in advanced negotiations to put together a deal for US FMA funding to purchase, refit, and modernize the two Zwaardvis class submarines for Egyptian service. Reportedly, the two submarines would have been refit and modernized by Ingalls with combat systems supplied by Lockheed Martin. This proposal probably did not have the level of US content needed to be financially feasible and, the EN was more interested in new submarines.
- Moray class: Nevesbu BV and Rotterdam Dockyard Company Submarines (RDMS), developed the Moray design in the early 1990s, and have had no success in finding prospective customers. At IMDEX ASIA-99, held in Singapore in May of 1999, RDMS teamed with Lockheed Martin Undersea Systems (with its SUBICS 900 combat system) and Ingalls Shipbuilding to address the Egyptian requirement. At IMDEX, members of the team were optimistic that this was the best solution, however, had major political hurdles to cross for final approval.
Of the six proposals received by the EN, only the Moray and the Zwaardvis classes were seriously considered. The biggest detractor for the Zwaardvis class was its relative age. The EN did not want to buy more used submarines to face a similar obsolescence problem a decade later. By late 1999, the EN decided that the Moray design constructed in US would be the best solution. Weapon systems availability, crew training, and program financing appear to have convinced the EN that the Moray is the most logical choice for the new submarine.
خطط مصر المستقبلية للحصو على غواصات لاحلال القديم من الغواصات السوفيتية والصينية بحيث ان مصر كانت تمتلك فى نهاية الثمانينات 12 غواصة من نوع روميو وويسكى وانتهوا الى بقاء 4 فى الخدمة تم تحديثهم بانظمة وتسليح غربي
تعددت الاختيارات التى ساقوم بذكرها لاحقا ولكن استقرت مصر فى اختياراتها على غوغصتين موراى هولنديتين التصميم سيتم بناؤهم فى امريكا واخذت امريكا تبحث خطة هذا التمويل
فمصر كانت تريد غواصات لتامين مياها عل البحر المتوسط والابيض لمواجهة الغواصات الاسرائيلية من نوع دولفين والغواصات الايرانية من نوع كيلو الروسية
البداية كانت فى عام 1990 عندما احتاجت مصر غواصات ومضت مصر فى خلال هذا العقد البحث عن غواصتين تتوافق مع الشروط الامريكية والمساعدات
هذا بخلاف ان امريكا كانت تشترط انه على مصر تشترى السلاح الامريكيى فقط من خلال المساعدات وهناك كانت مشكلة ان امركيا لا تصنع غواصات ديزل وقتها (حتى الان )
الخيارات المصرية كانت تتلخص فى 6 انواع لتبحث عن غواصتها المرجوه
1- الغواصة الالمانية type 209
كان سيتم بناء الغواصة فى ولاية مسيسبي بامريكا وكان سيتم التمويل بنسبة 60 % من قبل امريكا والباقى من مصر ولكن الشركة الامريكية فى النهاية رفضت هذا الاقتراح وكان العرض سعره 800 مليون دولار
2- الغواصة الفرنسية Scorpene class
تم هذا العرض ايضا وكان سيكون بتكلفة 700 مليون دولار على ان يتم بناء 80-86% من الغواصة فى امريكا
3-الغواصة الروسية kilo
بالطبع هذا خيار غريب بحيث ان الغواصة ستبنى فى امريكا ولكن من الصعب ان يتم بناء غواصة روسية فى امريكا لاقى هذا العرض رف كبير من قبل اعضاء النواب الامريكين ووزارة الخارجية ولم يتم بحث الامر بجدية
4- الغواصة الهولندية moray
كان هو هذا الاختيار الذى تم الاتفاق عليه من قبل امركيا ومصر بحيث سيتم تصميم الغواصة من قبل الشركة RDMS الهولندية على ان يتم البناء فى احواض ingalls فى ولاية مسيسبي ولكن طبعا الموضوع انتهى بسبب المعوقات السياسية بعد ان كان حقق تقدم رائع وكان قد تم توقيع عقود التصميم
5-الغواصة الهولندية Zwaardvis class
كانت قد دخلت مصر وامركيا وهولندا فى مفاوضات لشراء غواصات مستعملة ولكن لم تتم الموتفقة عليه فى النهاية لان مصر لم تكن تريد غواصات مستعملة وكان سيتم تحديثهما واعادة بنائها
6-الغواصة الباكستانية Agosta B class
كان تم عرض غواصتين على مصر بثمن 119 مليون دولار
-----------------
بعد الاختيارالسته
كانت مصر اهتمت بنوعين منهما وهما
الغواصة moray والعواصة Zwaardvis class
وكانت مصر تختار بينهما ولكن تم التفضيل للموراى لان مصر لم تكن تريد غواصات مستعملة لاكثر من عقد من الزمان
---------------
Program Acquisition Plan: The program acquisition plan for the Moray submarine is entirely dependent on acquiring necessary funding, RDMS design guarantees, and US Government releasability for technology transfers to the EN. The financing hurdle has apparently already been cleared, as funding will be reportedly be available by October 2002. On 15 September 2000, Egypt signed a letter of intent to procure two Moray 1400 class submarines from Ingalls Shipbuilding. The EN is now free to sign a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with RDMS for design and performance guarantees. RDMS has been reluctant in the past to guarantee a design that has never been used, however, considerable pressure will probably be applied by Litton Ingalls Shipbuilding and Lockheed Martin Naval Electronic & Surveillance Systems (NE&SS) to reach some type of guarantee. More than likely, some type of quality assurance issues will be guaranteed for the EN in order to complete this deal.
Currently, the technology releasability issue (for export license) is being examined by the US Government (primarily by the US Navy and the Defence Security and Cooperation Agency {DSCA}) to ensure there is no inadvertent technology transfer to the EN. It also must be noted that the US Navy is reluctant to allow US shipbuilders to produce diesel submarines, and the Ingalls technology compliance plan must be agreed upon by US Navy officials for final approval. However, US Navy reluctance will probably be overcome by diplomatic and industrial pressure, and program approval is anticipated by mid-2002, with a construction contract by the end of the year. The first unit (Batch I) will probably start construction in 2003, with delivery to the EN in 2006, and unit two (Batch I) delivering in 2008.
Two additional units (Batch II) will probably be ordered around 2008, with construction commencing in 2010. Batch II will also consist of two units and be delivered by 2013 and 2014. All four units are expected to replace the four Improved Romeo class on a one-for-one basis.
كانت الخطة هى بناء الغواصات فى امريكا وكانت هناك عقبة للتمويل ولكن تم تجاوزها
وكان سيتم توفير التمويل خلال عام 2002
وتم توقيع خطاب نوايا شراء مع مصر عام 2000
وكان هناك تردد من قبل امريكا للقيام ببناء غواصات ديزل توقفت امريكا عن تصنيعها منذ فتره تزيد عن 30 عام هذا بخلاف ان التصميم ليس امريكيا
فكان سيتم منح التمويل عام 2002 وسيتم البدء فى البناء عام 2003 والتسليم للوحدة الاولى عام 2006 والثانية عام 2008 مع وجود خطة لشراء غواصتين اضافتين كان سيتم البدء فيهما عام 2010 والتلسيم للثالة فى 2013 والرابعة فى 2014
------------------------------
Estimates are that the first two submarines will cost around US$400M each, and as of 1999, only US$300M from its US FMA allowance was destined for the submarine acquisition. Additional funding for units one and two will be obtained in 2002 by reprioritizing the existing budget. Funding for units three and four is not anticipated until around 2008. The following acquisition plan, for a buy of four units valued at an estimated US$400M each, is projected:
- Contract Design 1999
- Construction Contract RfP 1999
- Construction Contract Award (Batch I) 2002
- First of Class Commissions 2000
- Hull Two Commissions 2008
- Construction Contract Award (Batch II) 2008
- Hull Three Commissions 2010
- Hull Four Commissions 2011
Design and Construction Considerations: When the EN released its RfP inSeptember 1991, it listed specific capabilities and financing terms as identified below:
- The design would have at least three years of proven operational experience.
- The submarines will be able to fire the Boeing Harpoon surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs) and the Raytheon Mk-37 torpedoes.
- Support would be provided in crew training, spares, and documentation.
- Program financing.
The RDMS Moray design appears to meet the criteria as specified by the EN, with the exception of the three years of operational experience. This is primarily the reason the EN is insisting on design and performance guarantees. More than likely, the new submarine will have the following systems installed:
- Six 21-inch (533mm) torpedo tubes for the Boeing Harpoon and Raytheon Mk 37 torpedoes.
- Lockheed Martin NE&SS- Undersea Systems SUBICS 900 Combat Management System (CMS).
- Litton Marine Systems BPS-15 surface search radar.
- Condor Systems AR-900 Electronic Support Measures (ESM) suite.
- An undetermined bow-mounted cylindrical and flank arrays; intercept and mine avoidance sonar.
- Kollmorgen Model 76 Attack and Search periscopes.
- Vessel Type Submarine
Country Egypt
Program Future Submarine
Total Number 2
Unit Cost (US$) 400M (Est.)
Builder To be determined, probably Northrop Grumman Ingalls Shipbuilding using the RDMS Moray 1400 design.
Displ. Tons 1,595 (submerged)
Length 57m (187ft)
Beam 6.4m (20.9ft)
Draft 5.4m (17.7ft)
Machinery Diesel-electric: Three diesels; one shaft; one propeller. (Est.)
Speed (Knots) 12 (surfaced or snorting); 20 submerged. (Est.)
Range 9,000nm (surfaced/snorting): 300 (submerged). (Est.)
Diving Depth 300m (984.2ft) (Est.)
Complement 25 (including 5 officers) (Est.)
Weapons Torpedoes: Six 21-inch (533mm) tubes with a weapons load-out of 18 Raytheon Mk 37 torpedoes or mines.
Missiles Surface-to-surface missiles (SSMs): Boeing Harpoon SSMs in lieu of torpedoes.
CMS/Fire Control CMS: Lockheed Martin SUBICS 900. (Est.)
Radar Surface search: Open. Probably Litton Marine Systems BPS-15.
Countermeasures Electronic Support Measures (ESM): Open. Probably Condor Systems AR-900 ESM suite.
Sonar Open. Probably bow-mounted cylindrical and flank arrays; intercept and mine avoidance.
Periscope Open. Probably Kollmorgen Model 76 Attack and Search periscopes.
-تشير التقديرات ان ثمن الغواصة الواحدة 400 مليون دولار
--------------------------
التجهيزات والتسليح والمواصفات
-كانت الغوصاات ستكون قادرة على اطلاق صواريخ هاربون الامريكية
-كانت ستكون مزوردة ب 6 انابيب طوربيدات من طراز ةن 37 عيار 355 مم
-نظام cns لادارة النيران من شركة لوكهيد مارتن
- رادار bps-15
- نظام كوندور AR-900 للدعم الإلكتروني (ESM)
-نظام سونار intercept and mine avoidance sonar.
-منظار Kollmorgen Model 76 للبحث والهجوم
-الطول: 57 متر
-السرعة: 12 عقدة على سطح الماء و20 تحت سطح الماء
-العمق :300 متر
-الطاقم: 25 من ضمنهم 5 ضباط
--------------------------------
بالمواصفات هذة نحمد ربنا اننا لم نحصل عليها
ولكن فى النهاية حصلنا على غواصتين type 209 مع امكانية بناء غواصتين اضافتين
مصدر التقرير
http://www.dutchsubmarines.com/export/export_egypt.htm
التقرير هذا تم نشره على اكثر من مصدر
التقرير اطول من هذا وفى المصدر ستجدون تفاصيل اكثر
